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論文

Development of failure mitigation technologies for improving resilience of nuclear structures, 5; Resilience improvements of fast reactors by failure mitigation for beyond design high temperature accidents

二神 敏; 安藤 勝訓; 山野 秀将

Transactions of the 27th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 27) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2024/03

To enhance resilience of next-generation nuclear structures, it is necessary to develop design methodology that mitigates impacts of failure caused by extremely high temperature conditions which might lead to a severe accident. In this study, structural analysis under extreme high temperature was conducted in a next-generation SFR with hanged reactor vessel (RV). This study has conducted the detailed structural analysis of the RV and GV in the loop-type SFR using the FINAS/STAR code. And CV was simply modeled to confirm the constraint effect on the deformation (expansion) of RV. From the structural analysis results under high temperature condition at LOHRS, deformation behavior and the areas that should be focused on to mitigate impacts of failure were understood. And CV constraint effect was confirmed to enhance the structural resilience.

論文

Analysis of fuel assemblies inclination due to upper core support plate deflection for reactivity evaluation

吉村 一夫; 堂田 哲広; 井川 健一*; 上羽 智之; 田中 正暁; 根本 俊行*

Transactions of the 27th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 27) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2024/03

上部炉心支持板のたわみによる反応度添加の可能性を調べるため、EBR-IIにおける燃料集合体と炉心支持板を含む領域の構造解析と燃料集合体の傾きによる反応度評価を実施した。その結果、低流量時の上部炉心支持板は高流量時に比べて下向きのたわみが大きくなり、燃料集合体の傾きにより正の反応度が入ることが示唆された。

論文

Cryogenic impact fracture behavior of a high-Mn austenitic steel using electron backscatter diffraction and neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging

Wang, Y. W.*; Wang, H. H.*; Su, Y. H.; 徐 平光; 篠原 武尚

Materials Science & Engineering A, 887, p.145768_1 - 145768_13, 2023/11

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:54.26(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)

A unique impact fracture behavior is found in a high-Mn austenitic steel (24Mn-4Cr-0.4C-0.3Cu) in this work. The steel exhibits concurrent twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect and the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. By analyzing the load-deflection curves recorded during Charpy impact testing, the resistance to crack initiation and propagation is quantified from the absorbed energy. The high-Mn steel demonstrates good resistance to crack initiation at 273 K and 77 K. However, as the temperature decreases from 273 K to 77 K, there is an accelerated transition from stable crack growth to unstable crack growth during impact, resulting in the deterioration of resistance to crack propagation. The plastic deformation of the impact-tested samples, especially in the region close to the crack-path profile was quantitatively analyzed using neutron Bragg-edge transmission (BET) imaging. The deformation zones, divided by using the width of the 200 Bragg edge, exhibit good agreement with the impact absorbed energy characteristics obtained from dynamic load-deflection curves. Moreover, the unstable growth transition point was roughly determined on the impact-tested sample. Then, the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique is employed to examine the deformation microstructure along the crack-path in the impact-tested samples. The results revealed the dual roles of TRIP effect in impact toughness of the high-Mn steel. On one hand, the TRIP effect plays a positive role in improving resistance to crack initiation and propagation. On the other hand, the excessive accumulation of brittle $$varepsilon$$/$$alpha$$'-martensite caused by the enhanced TRIP effect at 77 K leads to quasi-cleavage fracture, thereby playing a negative role. Finally, we discussed the prominent toughening mechanisms associated with the TWIP and TRIP effects, which greatly impact the impact fracture behavior.

論文

Strengthening of $$alpha$$Mg and long-period stacking ordered phases in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy by hot-extrusion with low extrusion ratio

Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; 相澤 一也; 川崎 卓郎; 山崎 倫昭*

Acta Materialia, 255, p.119029_1 - 119029_12, 2023/08

 被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:95.52(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

An as-cast sample and two hot-extruded samples with different extrusion ratios (R) of Mg$$_{97}$$Zn$$_{1}$$Y$$_{2}$$ alloy containing the HCP $$alpha$$ matrix ($$alpha$$Mg) and the long-period stacking ordered phase (LPSO) of about 25-vol%, were used in tensile deformation in situ neutron diffraction experiments, to elucidate the effects of uniquely different microstructural evolutions in $$alpha$$Mg and LPSO with varying the R value to the mechanical properties. $$alpha$$Mg behaved as the soft phase and LPSO as the hard phase, and hot-extrusion improved the strength of both. At the R value of 5.0, a bimodal microstructure was created in $$alpha$$Mg, increasing largely the yield strength of $$alpha$$Mg. With increasing the R value to 12.5, the bimodal microstructure of $$alpha$$Mg collapsed and the yield strength of $$alpha$$Mg decreased. However, the strength of LPSO increased monotonously with increasing the R value due to the developments of kink bands and texture.

論文

Structural analysis of a reactor vessel in a sodium-cooled fast reactor under extremely high temperature conditions

山野 秀将; 二神 敏; 安藤 勝訓

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 10(4), p.23-00043_1 - 23-00043_12, 2023/08

本研究では、多目的有限要素解析コードFINAS/STARを用いて、ループ型ナトリウム冷却高速炉の原子炉容器の詳細構造解析を実施し、超高温時における変形挙動を理解するとともに、破損への影響を緩和するのに注目すべき部位を同定することを目的としている。解析では、減圧を仮定し、原子炉容器を通常運転状態からナトリウム沸点まで20時間かけて加熱させた。本解析により、発生応力は有意ではなく、破損判定基準を十分に下回ることが示された。構造破損緩和の観点で、原子炉容器上部銅が重要な部位として同定された。原子炉容器は最終的には16cmも下方に変形するも、破損には至らなかった。この効果は長期にわたり原子炉容器ナトリウム液位を維持することができ、それにより、原子炉容器のレジリエンス向上につながる。

論文

Effect of the plasticity of pipe and support on the seismic response of piping systems

奥田 貴大; 高橋 英樹*; 渡壁 智祥

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 10(4), p.23-00075_1 - 23-00075_9, 2023/08

近年、原子力発電プラントにおける配管耐震設計を合理的化するため、塑性変形とそれに伴う配管自体のエネルギー散逸を考慮した設計手法の開発が期待されている。本検討では配管系全体の地震応答に対して、支持構造の塑性変形の影響の程度を調査するために、広い範囲にわたって一連の地震応答解析を実施した。解析は配管と支持構造の塑性変形について、(1)両方とも考慮しない、(2)配管のみ考慮する、(3)支持構造のみ考慮する、(4)両方とも考慮する、の4ケースについて実施した。

論文

Improvement of reactivity model of core deformation in plant dynamics analysis code during unprotected loss of heat sink event in EBR-II

吉村 一夫; 堂田 哲広; 藤崎 竜也*; 井川 健一*; 田中 正暁; 山野 秀将

Proceedings of 30th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE30) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2023/05

プラント動特性解析コードSuper-COPDに組み込まれたフィードバック反応度評価手法の妥当性確認のため、米国高速実験炉EBR-IIで行われたULOHS模擬試験(BOP-301, BOP-302R試験)のベンチマーク解析を実施している。本研究では、炉心湾曲反応度モデルを新たに加えた1D-CFD連成解析を実施した。BOP-301試験では、本炉心反応度モデルの適用性が確認でき、BOP-302R試験では、炉心拘束系の考慮や炉心・制御棒相対変位反応度のモデル化の必要性が示唆された。

論文

Development of evaluation method for core deformation reactivity in sodium-cooled fast reactor; Verification of core deformation reactivity evaluation based on first-order perturbation theory

堂田 哲広; 加藤 慎也; 飯田 将来*; 横山 賢治; 田中 正暁

Proceedings of 12th Japan-Korea Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS12) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2022/10

ナトリウム冷却高速炉の従来の炉心設計において、炉心変形による負の反応度フィードバックは、解析評価の不確かさが大きく、考慮されて来なかった。今後、炉心設計を最適化するためには、予測精度の高い解析評価手法を開発し、過度な保守性を排除した評価を実施することが必要となる。そこで、炉物理,熱流動,構造力学の連成解析によるプラント過渡時の炉心変形反応度評価手法を開発した。本評価手法の検証として、燃料集合体が炉心中心から1列ずつ半径方向に水平移動した変形炉心の反応度を計算し、モンテカルロ法による参考値と比較した結果、炉心領域での集合体変位による反応度はよく一致するが、反射体領域では過大評価する結果となり、今後のモデル改良に対する課題を抽出することができた。

論文

Structural analysis of a reactor vessel in a sodium-cooled fast reactor under extremely high temperature conditions

山野 秀将; 二神 敏; 安藤 勝訓

Proceedings of 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 29) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2022/08

本研究では、多目的有限要素解析コードFINAS/STARを用いて、ループ型ナトリウム冷却高速炉の原子炉容器の詳細構造解析を実施し、超高温時における変形挙動を理解するとともに、破損への影響を緩和するのに注目すべき部位を同定することを目的としている。解析では、減圧を仮定し、原子炉容器を通常運転状態からナトリウム沸点まで20時間かけて加熱させた。本解析により、発生応力は有意ではなく、破損判定基準を十分に下回ることが示された。構造破損緩和の観点で、原子炉容器上部銅が重要な部位として同定された。原子炉容器は最終的には16cmも下方に変形するも、破損には至らなかった。この効果は長期にわたり原子炉容器ナトリウム液位を維持することができ、それにより、原子炉容器のレジリエンス向上につながる。

論文

Damage evaluations for BWR lower head in severe accident based on multi-physics simulations

勝山 仁哉; 山口 義仁; 根本 義之; 古田 琢哉; 加治 芳行

Proceedings of ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2022) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2022/07

To assess rupture behavior of the lower head of reactor pressure vessel in boiling-water-type nuclear power plants due to severe accident like Fukushima Daiichi, we have been developing an analysis method based on coupled analysis of three-dimensional multi-physics simulations composed of radiation transport, thermal-hydraulics (TH) and thermal-elastic-plastic-creep analyses. In this simulation, Monte Carlo radiation transport calculation is firstly performed by using PHITS code to compute proton dose distribution considering molten conditions of core materials. Then the deposit energies at each location is imported into TH analysis code ANSYS Fluent with the same geometry and temperature distribution is simulated by thermal-fluid dynamics. Finally, temperature distribution obtained from TH analysis is applied to thermal-elastic-plastic-creep analyses using FINAS-STAR and then damage evaluation is carried out based on several criterions such as Kachanov, Larson-Miller-parameter, melting point. To conduct such analyses, we also have continued to obtain experimental data on creep deformation in high temperature range. In this study, to predict time and location of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) lower head rupture of boiling water reactors (BWRs) considering creep damage mechanisms, we performed creep damage evaluations based on developing analysis method by using detailed three-dimensional model of RPV lower head with control rod guide tubes, stub tubes and welds. From the detailed analysis results, it was concluded that failure regions of BWR lower head are only the control rod guide tubes or stub tubes under simulated conditions.

論文

Three-dimensional structural analysis for enhancing resilience of next-generation nuclear structures under extremely high temperature conditions

二神 敏; 安藤 勝訓; 山野 秀将

Transactions of the 26th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-26) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2022/07

To enhance resilience of next-generation nuclear structures, it is necessary to develop design methodology that mitigates impacts of failure caused by extremely high temperature conditions which might lead to a severe accident. In this study, three-dimensional structural analysis of a loop-type sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) Monju has been conducted to understand its deformation behavior and to identify the areas which should be focused to mitigate impacts of failure. A postulated event sequence was a protected loss of heat sink (PLOHS) event, which may cause all decay heat removal systems to lose their functions immediately after reactor shutdown. This analysis suggests that no discontinuous section of RV lower panel is recommended to restrain the fracture of RV lower panel in order to enhance the RV resilience.

論文

Electric monopole transition from the superdeformed band in $$^{40}$$Ca

井手口 栄治*; Kib$'e$di, T.*; Dowie, J. T. H.*; Hoang, T. H.*; Kumar Raju, M.*; 青井 考*; Mitchell, A. J.*; Stuchbery, A. E.*; 清水 則孝*; 宇都野 穣; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 128(25), p.252501_1 - 252501_6, 2022/06

 被引用回数:2 パーセンタイル:46.35(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

始状態と終状態のスピンパリティが$$0^+$$間の遷移は、電気単極遷移と呼ばれるガンマ線放出が禁止されている特殊な電磁遷移しか起こらない。$$0^+$$状態は偶偶核の変形バンドのバンドヘッドであることから、電気単極遷移は古くから原子核の変形を知るための重要な手がかりとされてきた。その遷移の行列要素は通常、2準位模型によって始状態と終状態間の変形度の差と両者の混合の程度という2つの量で理解される。本研究では、$$^{40}$$Caの$$0^+_3$$から$$0^+_1$$へ遷移する寿命をオーストラリア国立大学にて測定した。これによって得られた電気単極遷移行列要素は比較的軽い原子核で知られている値よりも著しく小さいことがわかった。その電気単極遷移行列要素が抑制されるメカニズムとして、3つの変形した状態が混合することに伴う波動関数の打ち消しという、これまで考慮されてこなかった要因が重要であることが大規模殻模型計算の結果からわかった。

論文

Load redistribution in eutectic high entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi$$_{2.1}$$ during high temperature deformation

Jaladurgam, N. R.*; Lozinko, A.*; Guo, S.*; Harjo, S.; Colliander, M. H.*

Materialia, 22, p.101392_1 - 101392_4, 2022/05

The load redistribution between and within phases in eutectic high entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi$$_{2.1}$$ was measured using in-situ neutron diffraction during tensile deformation at 973 K. The load partitioning between phases is reversed compared to lower temperatures, with L1$$_{2}$$ becoming the stronger phase. The evolution of the orientation-specific stresses and strains in the L1$$_{2}$$ phase suggests that cube slip dominates the response. The low strength, internal load transfer and ideally plastic response of the B2 phase indicate a change in deformation mechanism compared to lower temperatures.

論文

Valley transport driven by dynamic lattice distortion

大湊 友也*; 大上 能悟*; 松尾 衛

Physical Review B, 105(19), p.195409_1 - 195409_9, 2022/05

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:17.38(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Angular momentum conversion between mechanical rotation and the valley degree of freedom in 2D Dirac materials is investigated theoretically. Coupling between the valley and vorticity of dynamic lattice distortions is derived by applying the $$kcdot p$$ method to 2D Dirac materials with an inertial effect. Lattice strain effects are also incorporated. Valley transfer and valley-dependent carrier localization are predicted using the dynamic lattice distortions. The transport properties are found to be controllable, allowing the system to be insulating and to generate pulsed charge current. Our formalism offers a route toward mechanical manipulation of valley dynamics in 2D Dirac materials.

論文

放射光単色X線を用いたアルミニウム単結晶の再結晶その場観察

城 鮎美*; 菖蒲 敬久; 岡田 達也*

材料, 71(4), p.354 - 360, 2022/04

金属材料加工技術の1つである再結晶メカニズムを明らかにするため、アルミニウム単結晶を用いた高温その場再結晶変態測定を高エネルギー放射光X線下で実施した。2次元検出器を使用し、8%変形したアルミニウム結晶を昇温,保持,徐冷中の試料にX線を照射し、変態していく過程でのX線回折を測定したところ、保持中に母材とは異なる位置に新たな回折ピークが観測、それが時間とともに増大していく様子、合わせて、母材からの回折ピークが減少していく様子が観測された。解析の結果、出現した再結晶からの回折は材料内部から発生したものであり、それが徐々に広がっていくことを明らかにした。また再結晶後の試験片のX線トプグラフィーを測定した結果、完全結晶とはいかないまでも結晶方位が0.001度のオーダーで変化していることを明らかにした。

論文

Development of evaluation method for core deformation reactivity feedback in sodium-cooled fast reactor by coupled analysis approach

堂田 哲広; 上羽 智之; 横山 賢治; 根本 俊行*; 田中 正暁

Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 14 Pages, 2022/03

ナトリウム冷却高速炉では、炉心温度上昇時に炉心燃料集合体の熱変形によって反応度フィードバックが生じる。この炉心変形反応度を固有の安全特性として活用し、安全評価における炉心設計の過度の保守性を排除するため、核動特性、熱流動、炉心構造変形の連成解析により評価する手法を開発した。米国高速実験炉EBR-IIの冷却材喪失時炉停止失敗事象模擬試験の解析を実施した。解析結果から、炉心変形反応度が負のフィードバック効果を持つこと、変形反応度の要因として燃料の移動に加えて、燃料周辺の反射体の移動も影響することが示され、連成解析による炉心変形反応度評価手法の有用性を確認した。

論文

Temperature-dependent hardening contributions in CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy

Naeem, M.*; He, H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Lin, W.*; Kai, J.-J.*; Wu, Z.*; Lan, S.*; Wang, X.-L.*

Acta Materialia, 221, p.117371_1 - 117371_18, 2021/12

 被引用回数:31 パーセンタイル:94.34(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We studied the deformation behavior of CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy by in situ neutron diffraction at room temperature, intermediate low temperature of 140 K, low temperatures of 40 K (no serrated deformation) and 25 K (with massive serrations). The contributions from different deformation mechanisms to the yield strength and strain hardening have been estimated. The athermal contributions to the yield strength were $$sim$$183 MPa at all temperatures, while the Peierls stress increased significantly at low temperatures (from 148 MPa at room temperature to 493 MPa at 25 K). Dislocations contributed to $$sim$$94% strain hardening at room temperature. Although the dislocation strengthening remained the major hardening mechanism at very low temperatures, the planar faults contribution increased steadily from 6% at room temperature to 28% at 25 K.

論文

Enhancement of uniform elongation by temperature change during tensile deformation in a 0.2C TRIP steel

土田 紀之*; Harjo, S.

Metals, 11(12), p.2053_1 - 2053_16, 2021/12

 被引用回数:2 パーセンタイル:16.86(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

To improve uniform elongation (U.El) due to the TRIP effect, it is important to control deformation-induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) until the late part of deformation. In the present study, tensile tests with decreasing deformation temperatures were conducted to achieve continuous DIMT up to the late part of deformation. As a result, the U.El was improved by approximately 1.5 times compared with that in the tensile test conducted at 296 K. The enhancement of the U.El in the temperature change test was discussed with the use of neutron diffraction experiments.

論文

Multiple deformation scheme in direct energy deposited CoCrNi medium entropy alloy at 210K

Kim, Y. S.*; Chae, H.*; Woo, W.*; Kim, D.-K.*; Lee, D.-H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Lee, S. Y.*

Materials Science & Engineering A, 828, p.142059_1 - 142059_10, 2021/11

 被引用回数:15 パーセンタイル:80.35(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)

CoCrNi medium entropy alloy (MEA) and stainless steel 316L (SS316L) were manufactured by direct energy deposition of additive manufacturing (DED-AM). Exceptional mechanical properties of DED CoCrNi at 210K were achieved by the activities of a multiple deformation scheme that changed from dislocation slip to twinning-induced plasticity followed by transformation-induced plasticity. While SS316L at room temperature has micro-twins, CoCrNi at 210K exhibited nano-twins, resulting from lower stacking fault energy. Moreover, transformed hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phases were found near the face-centered cubic (FCC) {111} grain boundaries, where remarkable stacking faults and severe lattice distortion were measured.

論文

Martensitic transformation in CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy at cryogenic temperature

Naeem, M.*; Zhou, H.*; He, H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Lan, S.*; Wu, Z.*; Zhu, Y.*; Wang, X.-L.*

Applied Physics Letters, 119(13), p.131901_1 - 131901_7, 2021/09

 被引用回数:9 パーセンタイル:62.1(Physics, Applied)

We investigated the in situ deformation behavior of the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy at a cryogenic temperature of 140 K and compared it with deformation at room temperature. The sample exhibited higher strength and larger ductility at the cryogenic temperature. The CrCoNi alloy remained single-phase face-centered cubic at room temperature, while deformation at 140 K resulted in a martensitic transformation to the hexagonal close-packed structure. The phase transformation, an additional deformation mechanism to stacking faults, twinning, and dis- location slip, resulted in a higher work hardening at cryogenic temperature. The study addresses the structure metastability in the CrCoNi alloy, which led to the formation of epsilon-martensite from the intrinsic stacking faults.

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